#1 Fri 07 December 2001 13:29
- Urbatique Bertrand
- Invité
Ordnance Survey (suite)
Bonjour
Je ne resiste pas a vous transmettre un nouveau communique de l'Ordnance
Survey (l'insitut carto du Royaume Uni) relatif a la mise en place de leur
Master Map, a partir de laquelle les autres produits OS seront derives :
400 millions d'objets, avec chacun un TOID (Topographic ID) de 16 chiffres
(pas de lettres...), mis a jour en continu et structuree en couches (mais
pas en tuiles : le decoupage spatial est libre).
Cela correspond exactement a la proposition du SPDG concernant les
missions de l'IGN : la premiere mission, celle qui justifie l'existence de
l'institut, c'est de fournir a un faible prix la matiere premiere (400
millions d'objets pour le Royaiume Uni, un peu plus pour la France), afin
de mutualiser les couts de collecte et de mise a jour de ces objets et de
les mettre a disposition de tous (services publics et editeurs prives
notamment) .
A chacun ensuite de produire les cartes ou autres declinaisons pour
repondre a la diversite des besoins des utilisateurs.
Cela suppose un prix bas, ce qui n'est pas vraiment le choix retenu par
l'Ordnance Survey : l'OS reste encore pour l'essentiel dans le cadre de la
politique de Cost recovery mise place par Mme Thatcher... Mais cela est
compense en partie par une politique commerciale dynamique et ouverte
(cooperation avec les editeurs prives et avec les collectivites locales,
service level agreements ).
On peut s'interroger aussi sur l'interet de conferer aux TOID un caractere
officiel afin de faciliter les echanges de donnees. Leur emploi pourrait
etre rendu obligatoire pour certains documents, sur une base comparable au
regime des identifiants cadastraux en France, qui sont en fait une sorte
de prefiguration, au temps du papier, des TOID. Cet identifiant cadastral
comprend un code commune (5 chiffres), un code section (2 ou 3 caracteres)
et un numero de parcelle (jusqu'a 4 chiffres). L'equivalent de 12
chiffres....
Cela pose la question de la coherence avec la codification en cours des
adresses postales par la Poste (Code etendu de l'adresse sur onze
caracteres) et des entrees d'immeubles par l'INSEE (Repertoire des
immeubles localises, pour les communes de plus de 10 000 habitants...). On
peut certes gerer des tables de passage (on le fait et on continuera de le
faire) mais est-ce vraiment souhaitable ? Pourquoi ne pas partager les ID
(et les objets...) ... ?
Qu'en pensez-vous ?
Georges Bertrand
P.S.
J'avais attire votre attention sur les consequences qui pourraient etre
tirees de l'ordonnance du 14 Avril 2001 qui impose la tarification des
donnees environnementales au cout de reproduction defini de maniere tres
restrictive par le decret du 6 juin 2001 (une quasi gratuite). Je me
demandais notamment si les themes hydrologie et vegetation de la BD Topo
n'etaient pas concernes, s'agissant indubitablement de donnees
environnementales, sans parler de la BD Carthage... N'y aurait-il rien a
dire sur ce sujet ? Il serait interesssant de connaitre l'interpretation
de l'IGN, ainsi que celle des auteurs de l'ordonnance (cabinet du premier
ministre).
Le communique de l'Ordnance Survey
Around 400 million features of the British landscape appear on a
revolutionary digital map which goes live today, showing the whole country
redrawn in unprecedented detail.
National mapping agency Ordnance Survey is taking the wraps off OS
MasterMap after a huge two-year project to digitally reference not just
every building and field, but detail as fine as railway signal lights and
free-standing letter boxes. It is like an enormous national jigsaw made up
of 400 million pieces, with each one 'barcoded' with a unique 16-digit
reference number known as a topographic identifier or TOID.
The Tower of London, for example, is 0 001 000 006 032 892.(GB : 16
chiffres, pas de lettres)
TOIDs offer a higher level of detail than postcodes or individual
addresses as they identify millions of non-addressable properties and
natural landscape features such as small waterways and areas of woodland.
As well as telling you where a feature is, a TOID is also a direct link to
a description of what it is. Best of all, a TOID can be loaded with extra
detail within a user's computer system and shared between users, so acting
as an unambiguous and electronically mobile package of information. This
breakthrough opens up a host of possibilities in easier data sharing and
management for utilities, local and central government, and any business
supporting a branch network, customer base, or other geographic
infrastructure. The associations created by TOIDs could even foster closer
cooperation between government and business.
Unlike earlier very detailed digital map data, OS MasterMap provides
continuous mapping of the whole of Britain from which users can select the
precise area of coverage they need. As it is not restricted by fixed map
tiles, it is truly seamless. It has also been created in a series of
themed layers which users can pick and mix as they wish. Nine themes
become available in the initial release of data today: roads, tracks and
paths; buildings; land; rail; heritage; height; water; structures; and
boundaries.
Users can stay up to date through regular web updates showing only those
features that have changed. Whereas before they would have received a
complete resupply of their data on CD-ROM, the change-only facility means
they can be sent just those features that have been updated, cutting
dramatically the size of update files and the overall costs of data
handling.
In time, all Ordnance Survey products will be created from OS MasterMap -
even new generations of its most popular paper maps such as Landranger and
Explorer. Consultations are under way with users of the existing
large-scale digital product, Land-Line, to ensure that the conversion to
OS MasterMap is as easy as possible. In the meantime, the two will run in
parallel.
There are different supply routes for OS MasterMap depending on whether it
is offered by Ordnance Survey or one of its licensed partners. The basic
price is related to the number of TOIDs ordered. There is a sliding scale
as the quantity rises, with a minimum order price of £50 for small sites
such as factories or hospitals with only a few hundred TOIDs. A market
town with, say, 80,000 TOIDs, will have a charge in the region of £3,000.
Cities and larger regions with millions of TOIDs will cost more, but with
a lower price per TOID.
#2 Sun 16 December 2001 13:28
- Urbatique Bertrand
- Invité
Re: Ordnance Survey (suite)
Bonjour
Un eclairage complementaire sur la Master Map de l'Ordnance Survey : elle
a ete realisee en utilisant les outils Laser Scan fondes sur une approche
objet. Les objets appartiennent a des classes et non a des couches
(decoupage thematique) ou a des tuiles (decoupage spatial). Les classes
decrivent la structure des objets (attributs, geometrie...) mais aussi des
methodes (notamment pour la restitution) et les liens avec les autres
classes (interfaces).
Ces outils ont permis de recuperer les donnees dessin de la base
Landline (tiree elle-meme des cartes au 1/1250 qui couvrent la plus grande
partie du territoire) en moins d'un an et de maniere presque
qu'entierement automatique (99 %)...
Une autre precision interessante, c'est l'engagement de l'OS pour
l'utilisation du standard GML de l'OGC et pour contribuer a son evolution
(GML 3 en preparation)...
Finalement, est-ce si difficile de diffuser sous une forme basique (et non
sous forme de produits packages ) la matiere premiere collectee par l'IGN
dans le cadre de ses missions de service public ?
Georges Bertrand
Ci-apres, le communique de Laser Scan (communique a caractere commercial)
OS MasterMapT has evolved from Land-Line data and is designed to enable
sophisticated analysis in GIS applications and to allow closer integration
with third party data. At the heart of this evolution is the creation of
object-based data - making features represent objects in the real world
rather than the graphical elements of a map.
Laser-Scan's object-oriented (OO) approach was ideal for the process of
re-engineering the OS MasterMap data. In the OO environment each feature
is stored as an active object as opposed to a dumb set of coordinates.
Objects are stored in a continuous dataset as one of a family of object
classes, rather than sitting in an artificial series of layers or
coverages. This greatly simplifies the contextual analysis needed to
identify the real-world area features, which populate OS MasterMap.
The complete reengineering of the large-scale data was completed way ahead
of schedule with just a year of processing and less than 1% of manual
editing.
Laser-Scan technology has created the ability to produce a single
continuous dataset from thousands of separate tiles, healing the breaks
across the old tile boundaries, and inferring lots of 'missing links',
such as property lines across suburban shared front gardens. Users of the
new OS MasterMapT data will be able to download change-only updates
instead of complete tiles. They will be able to request the changes when
they want, even daily, providing a dramatically more up-to-date model of
the world.
The data is to be issued in GML (Geography Mark-up Language) format - the
new international standard for storing and transporting geographical
information. GML was defined by the OpenGIS consortium (OGC), for which
Laser-Scan provided the primary author, and is still involved in defining
the next generation (GML 3).