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Définition:
Capture d'une portion du territoire prise depuis un capteur embarqué sur un satellite. Il existe des capteurs panchromatique, enregistrant la réflectance dans une seule bande, des capteurs multispectraux, enregistrant dans jusqu'à une dizaine de bandes spectrales et des capteurs hyperspectraux, pouvant enregistrer des centaines de bandes spectrales. Les capteurs embarqués dans les satellites peuvent régulièrement enregistrer la réflectance au-delà du spectre visible pour l'oeil humain, notamment dans l'infrarouge.
Il existe plusieurs méthodes d'acquisition d'images par les satellites . On distingue les
L'imagerie satellitale est une donnée géographique à part entière. Ses usages sont nombreux. Le développement des nouvelles technologies de l'imagerie satellitale et l'augmentation du nombre de satellites d'observation de la terre en exploitation permet d'obtenir des produits de plus en plus accessibles et de plus en plus utiles.
Les satellites couvrent des domaines d'utilisation de plus en plus variés, grâce à des caractéristiques très différentes d'un modèle à l'autre. Certains disposent d'une résolution spatiale très fine, d'autres de nombreuses bandes spectrales, certains d'un temps de revisite très court, d'autres d'une possibilité de cartographier de vastes superficies…
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